Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://scholarhub.balamand.edu.lb/handle/uob/7396
Title: Navigating the water-energy nexus amidst the Lebanese economic crisis
Authors: Fayssal, Nora
Al Tawil, Lara
Danageuzian, Hrair
Sabat, Mira 
ElMerehbi, Hana
Darazi, Dovan
Sabat, Macole 
Roukos, Roy
Dargham, Sara Abou
Romanos, Jimmy
Affiliations: Department of Mathematics 
Department of Mechanical Engineering 
Keywords: Environmental economics
SDG7
Sustainability
water resources
water security
water-energy nexus
Issue Date: 2024-05-01
Part of: Aqua Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society
Volume: 73
Issue: 5
Start page: 917
End page: 929
Abstract: 
Lebanon's economic crisis has disrupted the country's energy and water sectors, highlighting their interdependence. The methodology involves surveying 150 municipalities across all Lebanese governorates, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of public and private water resources. Data on water and energy were collected before and during the crisis to explore this nexus during periods of economic turmoil. The findings reveal a decline in water provision during the crisis, with the average weekly water supply plummeting from 49 h in 2019 to 22 h in 2023. Concurrently, the use of water tankers has surged from 26 to 44%, indicating a concerning shift in water acquisition methods. Despite the crisis, conventional water sources remain predominant, while unconventional sources account for less than 1% of the total supply. In response to the energy shortage, renewable energy sources have gained traction in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The scarcity and rising cost of electricity have driven the adoption of solar photovoltaics in the water sector, reaching 4.8% for extraction from underground reservoirs and 2.8% for distribution. Similarly, the use of solar water heaters has increased from 7.9 to 15.4% in 2023. These findings underscore the interplay between energy and water security during periods of economic instability.
URI: https://scholarhub.balamand.edu.lb/handle/uob/7396
ISSN: 27098028
DOI: 10.2166/aqua.2024.329
Open URL: Link to full text
Type: Journal Article
Appears in Collections:Department of Mathematics
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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