Examination of the natural mineral water quality in the Kesserwan region, Lebanon

Abstract

Introduction: Water is an essential element for life, especially the water that we drink. The water is consumable for humans as soon as it meets certain quality requirements. Any chemical, physical, or biological change in water quality may lead to harmful effects on health. Objective: This study presents the updated situation of some spring water from groundwater in Lebanon, specifically in the Kesserwan region. Method: To assess the quality of the water, certain physico-chemical parameters such as total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, and microbiological indicators were monitored on 15 sampling sources covering the Kesserwan region. All the parameters were studied during the winter period. Results: The results identified multiple contaminated sources in Kesserwan. Consequently, groundwater cannot be consumed directly without treatment. Out of the 15 sources tested, only 8 were found to be microbiologically safe, while the remaining 7 were contaminated and required treatment before consumption or use. Conclusion: Each municipality in the region should be responsible for protecting and maintaining the cleanliness of the areas surrounding the spring water. Additionally, regular, systematic testing of the spring water must be conducted to ensure its suitability for drinking by confirming the absence of contaminants.