The Effect of Gentian Violet on Leishmania Major induced hyperalgesia and course of infection in BALB/C mice

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as a major endemic disease of public health. Organic antimony compounds known to be the most efficient treatment currently available are associated with cardiac toxicity and require careful monitoring. Thus, an inexpensive and safe systemic drug for Leishmania is urgently needed. Gentian Violet which is a triphenylmethane derivative, showed a remarkable in vitro and in vivo efficacy against parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. In our research, we aim to investigate the efficiency of three different doses of Gentian Violet (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) given through IP injections to L.major infected BALB/c mice. Most importantly, the effect of Gentian Violet on L.major-induced hyperalgesia was tested. In addition, in order to evaluate the Gentian Violet effect on immune responses, the levels of several cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17) were quantified. Interestingly, 2.5 mg/kg of Gentian Violet had no considerable effect on hyperalgesia and was the most efficient dose in reversing L.major-induced hyperalgesia. On the other hand, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased. These data suggest that Th2 response which normally leads to a susceptibility scenario was impaired by Gentian Violet treatment. In contrast, Th1 response which leads to resistance against the disease was not affected since IFNγ secretion was not modified. Furthermore, TNFα and IL-17 levels were not significantly affected.