Estimation of water lake capacity in order to prepare data for Dam Design using GIS software

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to introduce an important project called "Dam Design". Some parts of the world are prone to drought making water a scarce and precious commodity, while in other parts of the world it appears in raging torrents causing floods and loss of life and property; therefore, a solution must be applied to store and manage water to sustain civilization. The primary benefit of dams and reservoirs in the world is water supply. Also, it has many benefits such as Irrigation for agriculture (food supply), Flood control, Hydropower, Inland navigation and Recreation. This report starts with a brief introduction about the positioning of a dam and a study about its height, and allows the reader to know what it is. It then gives an overview study that ranges between some specific dam height, and the estimation of the land use areas flooded. The report focuses on the impact of increasing the dam height in each meter height, going through the advantages and disadvantages of the dam. After this estimation of land use flooded by each lake, the government should be able to choose the best dams height according to each ones needs. Once the decision is well taken for the height, the civil engineering phase could start to make their designs and execution. The GIS play a major role in the big projects. It's very useful to estimate the benefits and losses. Also, it allows the companies to introduce the most efficient design according to an accurate study , so they will be able to construct the project.