Incidental Finding of Triple Ectopic Thyroid: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare congenital anomaly, with the presence of three simultaneous ectopic foci being exceedingly rare. We describe a case of a totally asymptomatic 26-year-old male discovered to have triple ectopic thyroid following incidental elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Subsequent ultrasonography of the neck showed an absent thyroid gland in its conventional location. A Technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) thyroid scan showed three distinct foci of radiotracer uptake in the upper cervical, lingual, and sublingual regions, corresponding to triple ectopic thyroid. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to provide a broader understanding and deeper insights into this uncommon condition. This case underscores the pivotal role of Technetium-99m thyroid scanning in diagnosing triple ectopic thyroid, particularly in instances where the orthotopic thyroid gland is absent. A comprehensive understanding of this rare entity is indispensable for radiologists and clinicians, enabling accurate diagnosis and informed decision-making regarding the appropriate therapeutic strategies.