Rural assessment for food security and agricultural needs in Akkar, Lebanon resulting from the economic crisis and climate change

Abstract

Local farming systems in Northern Lebanon have been severely impacted by the financial crisis, necessitating an urgent transition towards new sustainable practices. Agricultural production levels, in Akkar region, have been deteriorating at a rate higher than other regions in Lebanon due to several factors, affecting the overall food security situation. Consequently, it has been deemed essential to conduct a rural assessment study that provides a detailed insight into the challenges faced by farmers, with a specific emphasis on the impact of the economic crisis and climate change. The study adopted a mixed-method research design, involving quantitative and qualitative data. Initially, key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with local authorities of 12 selected areas in Akkar, out of which four areas were prioritized. FGDs and quantitative data collection were then conducted in the prioritized areas. Qualitative data was analyzed through “qualitative content analysis”, while quantitative analysis was conducted through Microsoft Excel. The assessment findings revealed that farmers in the assessed areas encounter various challenges that impact their agriculture productivity and profit. These challenges encompass accessing land, affording basic inputs, selling harvested crops, and covering increased transportation costs and debt. Additionally, the climatic and environmental conditions have exacerbated the hardships faced by farmers. In response to these challenges, farmers tend to resort to different coping mechanisms which have an adverse impact on their physical and mental well-being increasing the prevalence of illnesses and psychological distress. To address the immediate agriculture and food security issues, farmers require short and long- term assistance in the form of agricultural support, cash-for-work initiatives, long-term loans, and access to markets. The implementation of a comprehensive response plan is deemed crucial to support farmers and promote sustainable agriculture practices. The health of populations is intricately impacted by agriculture and food security. It is crucial for both humanitarian and governmental bodies to collaboratively design a well-integrated plan that effectively addresses immediate needs while also promoting sustainable agricultural practices.